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First Windmill: While
I haven't been able to get to actually test the mill's power output
yet, there are a number of things I'm planning to change for the second
one that I'll shortly be building.
- More windings on my coils. I use 25 wraps of #16 AWG
wire. I'm going to try the same gauge again but go with
30 wraps this time. More wire = more voltage. Right
now, at hand speed, I can get about .8 volts per coil at hand speed
(~120 to 180 rpm) so I should have more options for voltage control
at lower wind speeds if I have more windings which should hopefully
get me around the 1 volt mark or higher. I have a few options
for controlling both rpm and voltage, like blade size, blade pitch,
centrifugal pitch control and electronic switching from series wiring
to parallel.
- More coils. 24 instead of 18, to be exact. The
wind average isn't likely going to be as high as I would like, so
I'll try compensating for the lower wind speed with more coils, with
slightly more windings (as mentioned above). Along with
more coils, comes the fact that the rotor diameter will be bigger. The
greater diameter will mean that the magnets will be travelling faster
as they pass the coils, which is one small way to artificially increase
the wind speed. Also, looking into electronic switching,
I can switch the 24 coils to two sets of 12 coils, which should still
keep my voltage up with the higher number of windings per coil.
- Change the blade pitch from 25 degrees to 10 degrees. I
modified my blade jig, and made new blades with 10 degree pitch. While
they will no doubt be slower starting, I'm interested to see what
kind of voltage increase they will give over the old 25 degree blades.

Above is an end on view of my blades. On
the left is the new 10 degree pitch blade, and on the right is he
first 25 degree blade. Quite the difference. I'm
going to try to make a centrifugal pitch control for the blades that
will change the pitch from the 10 degrees down to about 30 for high
wind conditions.
- Change the coil orientation. On the first stator,
I put the coils on in such a way that the top wire coming off, sticks
up above the coils' surface about 1/8" or more (as in the top
picture). While I give a sufficient air gap for this top
wire, it leaves too much space, IMO, above the rest of the coil. Because
my stator is wood, I can use the tip of a flat screwdriver to puch
a small trough that the top wire can sit in, which will make the coil
sit flat against the stator (as in the bottom right picture).
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On the second mill, I'll flip the coils so that the top wire is
facing down toward the wood which will leave the perfectly flat bottom,
facing the magnets. Another bonus to this is that the two
loose wire ends coming off the coil will be fixed tightly in place
by even the first coat of fiberglass resin, which is wht I use to
"glue" the coils and laminates to the stator. With
the first mill, while I was adjusting the coils wires to hook them
together, often it would break them free from the resin, and sometimes
it broke more coils wires loose than I would have liked.
- Lastly, the slip rings. I
was planning to make slip rings to get power down the pole, and even
made a set out of steel pipe and a piece of PVC pipe. I
didn't have any copper pipe that would do at the time, that's why
I used steel. In reading most of the posts in the forums
in the last 4 months, I think I'll do it the easy way. I
drilled a hole, and deburred it at the top of the windmill mount.

I drilled it out to ½" and countersunk the hole for
smoothness. I had a small piece of ½" OD aluminum
tube which I deburred and pounded into the hole. I'll run the
wires through the smooth aluminum tube, then I'll run the power down
the middle of my pivot mount pipe, down the middle of the tower.

Pivot mounting pipe insterted with wires running
out the middle.
I'll install a 110/120 3 prong plug on the end of it at the ground
and make sure I leave a few feet of slack in it. I'll put
a simple 110 outlet at the bottom and attach the power cable that
runs to the house. When it looks like the cable coming
down from the tower might be getting twisted, I'll unplug it, let
it untwist itself, then plug it back in.
More mods when I find them . .
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